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Introducción: Examinar la relación entre el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) para evaluar y controlar el rendimiento laboral y los riesgos psicosociales, así como los daños a la salud asociados en el medio laboral europeo.
Método: Estudio transversal con los microdatos de la encuesta de 2022 “Occupational Safety and Health in Post-Pandemic Workplaces (Flash Eurobarometer)” (EU-OSHA) con 27252 participantes. Tras seleccionar 12 variables dicotómicas dependientes (riesgos psicosociales y daños a la salud) y la presencia de IA y sus usos para la supervisión y valoración del rendimiento de los trabajadores como variables independientes, se calcularon las odds ratio crudas (ORc) y ajustadas (ORa) por covariables sociodemográficas, y sus correspondientes intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) mediante modelos de regresión logística.
Resultados: Cuando la IA es utilizada para supervisar o controlar el rendimiento individual aumenta la presión temporal y la sobrecarga de trabajo (ORa=1.5;IC95%:1.3-1.7), se reduce la autonomía o influencia sobre los procesos de trabajo (ORa=2.2;IC95%:2.1-2.3) y se erosiona la comunicación o cooperación dentro de la organización (ORa=1.5;IC95%:1.4-1.6). También, incrementa la probabilidad de referir estrés, depresión o ansiedad (ORa=1.5;IC95%:1.4-1.5) y accidentes o lesiones (ORa=1.7;IC95%:1.6-1.8).
Conclusiones: La IA como "supervisor digital" aumenta la exposición a riesgos psicosociales y la probabilidad de sufrir daños a la salud. Esto destaca la importancia de considerar el bienestar de las personas trabajadoras junto con la eficiencia económica al implementar IA en la organización del trabajo. Estos resultados pueden guiar políticas laborales para equilibrar la optimización de procesos con entornos laborales saludables mediante el diálogo social.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2024 Raúl Payá Castiblanque, Alejandro Pizzi