Palabras clave
factor de riesgo laboral
teletrabajo
trabajo remoto
trabajo desde casa
bienestar
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: En Estados Unidos, la pandemia de COVID-19 aceleró la adopción del teletrabajo en las instituciones académicas; sin embargo, su impacto en el bienestar de los empleados ha sido insuficientemente estudiado. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al teletrabajo y analizar su relación con el bienestar de los empleados durante la pandemia.
Métodos: Realizamos una encuesta en una gran universidad estadounidense de ciencias de la salud, en dos oleadas: la primera en mayo de 2020 (n=1.648) y la segunda en octubre de 2020 (n=932). Se emplearon regresiones logísticas ponderadas para estimar las asociaciones entre factores de riesgo relacionados con el teletrabajo y el bajo nivel de bienestar, medido mediante el Índice de Bienestar de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (5 ítems).
Resultados: La soledad y las preocupaciones por la salud y la seguridad personal se asociaron con un bajo nivel de bienestar en ambas oleadas. El efecto de la soledad sobre un nivel de bienestar bajo se intensificó cuando los empleados manifestaban necesidad de apoyo, indicando la presencia de una interacción significativa. En la segunda oleada, el personal docente presentó menor probabilidad de bajo bienestar en comparación con el personal administrativo.
Conclusiones: Aunque el teletrabajo ofrece ventajas, asimismo puede tener efectos adversos. Las políticas laborales deberían abordar aquellos factores de riesgo asociados al teletrabajo para mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores en futuras pandemias.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2025 Aro Choi, David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras, Monica Guidry, Janelle Ríos, Francisco Perez, Robert Emery, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, George Delclos