Palabras clave
Voz
Ergonomía
Disfonía
Salud ocupacional
Entorno escolar
Cómo citar
Resumen
La salud vocal del profesorado depende de la interacción entre las demandas del uso profesional de la voz y las condiciones ergonómicas del entorno laboral. Este artículo analiza críticamente la literatura reciente sobre factores ergonómicos asociados a la salud vocal docente, considerando ruido ambiental, acústica del aula, calidad del aire, confort térmico, organización del trabajo y factores biomecánicos y psicosociales. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en distintas bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, complementada con revisión manual de referencias. La evidencia revisada sugiere que el ruido de fondo, la acústica deficiente, la mala ventilación, el aire seco, las temperaturas extremas y la alta carga laboral incrementan la demanda vocal, el esfuerzo fonatorio, la fatiga vocal y los síntomas de disfonía. En conjunto, los hallazgos respaldan un abordaje preventivo desde la ergonomía ocupacional, integrando condiciones ambientales, organizacionales e individuales.
Citas
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Gerson Jara Cabrera, Nataly Henríquez Huaiquil, Francisco Aguilar Valderrama, Claudia Guajardo Sáez