How to Cite
Abstract
Desde mediados de la década de 1970 se han producido profundos cambios en las economías capitalistas occidentales relacionados con factores tecnológicos, políticos y económicos, entre los que destacan la globalización, la liberalización de las políticas laborales, el debilitamiento sindical y las nuevas tecnologías. Estos cambios han ido acompañados de un aumento progresivo de la flexibilidad laboral impulsada por necesidades de las empresas, incrementada en periodos de crisis económica como la de mediados de los años 1990 y la de 2008.
Las estrategias de flexibilidad laboral son diversas. Pueden referirse a las jornadas laborales (tanto en el número de horas trabajadas como en la organización de la jornada), a los salarios, la subcontratación de personas o empresas, y una de las más importantes: la variación del número de personas empleadas mediante la contratación temporal, el despido, etc. En cualquier caso, el aumento de la flexibilidad ha dado lugar a un incremento de nuevas formas de ocupación caracterizadas por altos niveles de inestabilidad laboral y una erosión general de las condiciones de trabajo y ocupación de los trabajadores y trabajadoras. Son formas de ocupación que se acumulan en los grupos de personas en una situación de más vulnerabilidad en el mercado de trabajo debido a su falta de poder. En términos generales, y siguiendo los ejes de desigualdad social, son las personas jóvenes, las personas migradas, las mujeres y las personas con menos nivel de estudios…
References
Rubery J, Piasna A. Labour market segmentation and deregulation of employment protection in the EU. En: Piasna A, Myant M, editores. Myths of Employment Deregulation: How It Neither Creates Jobs nor Reduces Labour Market Segmentation. Brussels: ETUC; 2017. p. 43-46. Disponible en: http://pinguet.free.fr/etuideregula.pdf#page=42
Benach J, Muntaner C, Santana V. Employment Conditions and Health Inequalities. Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health.; 2007. [actualizado 8 Oct 2021; citado 8 Oct 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/equity-and-health/commission-on-social-determinants-of-health
Pirani E, Salvini S. Is temporary employment damaging to health? A longitudinal study on Italian workers. Soc Sci Med. 2015;124:121-131. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.033
Campos-Serna J, Ronda-Pérez E, Artazcoz L, Moen B, Benavides F. Gender inequalities in occupational health related to the unequal distribution of working and employment conditions: a systematic review. Int J Equity Health. 2013;12(1):1-18.
Joyce K, Pabayo R, Critchley J, Bambra C. Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee health and wellbeing (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;2.
Joyce K, Pabayo R, Critchley JA, Bambra C. Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee health and wellbeing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;2010(2):CD008009. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008009.pub2
Kivimäki M, Jokela M, Nyberg S, et al. Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals. Lancet. 2015;386(10005):1739-1746.
Bannai A, Tamakoshi A. The association between long working hours and health: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014;40(1):5-18. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3388.
Artazcoz L, Borrell C, Cortès I, Escribà-Agüir V, Cascant L. Occupational epidemiology and work related inequalities in health: a gender perspective for two complementary approaches to work and health research. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):ii39-45. doi: 10.1136/jech.2007.059774
Kim IH, Muntaner C, Vahid Shahidi F, Vives A, Vanroelen C, Benach J. Welfare states, flexible employment, and health: A critical review. Health Policy (New York). 2012;104:99-127. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.11.002
Cortès-Franch I, Puig-Barrachina V, Vargas-Leguás H, Arcas MM, Artazcoz L. Is being employed always better for mental wellbeing than being unemployed? Exploring the role of gender and welfare state regimes during the economic crisis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(23):1-16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234799
Korpi W, Ferrarini T, Englund S. Women’s opportunities under different family policy constellations: Gender, class, and inequality tradeoffs in western countries re-examined. Soc Polit. 2013;20:1-40. doi: 10.1093/sp/jxs028
Cortès-Franch I, Escribà-Agüir V, Benach J, Artazcoz L. Employment stability and mental health in Spain: towards understanding the influence of gender and partner/marital status. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):425. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5282-3
ILO. Policy Brief. Geneva; 2020. [actualizado 26 Jul 2003; citado 26 Sep 2003]. Disponible en: https://www.ilo.org/emppolicy/pubs/WCMS_746031/lang--en/index.htm
Artazcoz L, Cortès I, Benavides FG, et al. Long working hours and health in Europe: Gender and welfare state differences in a context of economic crisis. Health Place. 2016;40(June):161-168. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.06.004
Cortès-Franch I. Flexibilitat laboral i salut. Aprofundint en les desigualtats de gènere i el rol dels contextos. Barcelona: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; 2020.
Gálvez L, Rodríguez P. La desigualdad de género en las crisis económicas. Investig Fem. 2012;2:113-132.
Eydoux A. Women during Recessions in France and Germany. Rev l’OFCE. 2014;2:153-188.
Gálvez-Muñoz L, Rodríguez-Modroño P. Gendered impacts of the financial, social and political crisis and austerity measures in Spain. In: The Impacts of the Crisis on Gender Equality and Women’s Wellbeing in EU Mediterranean Countries. United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute; 2013. p. 191-252. Disponible en: http://www.unicri.it/sites/default/files/2019-11/Report.pdf
The authors whose submissions are published in this Journal accept the following terms:
The copyright is held by the author(s), which will simultaneously be subject to a licence Creative Commons 4.0 BY-NC-ND.
The author(s) may enter into any other licence agreements for non-exclusive distribution of versions of the published work (e.g. deposit in an institutional repository or publication in a collective work) provided that the initial publication in this Journal is stated.
The author/s is/are permitted and recommended to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and increase the number of citations of the published work. (See The effect of open access).