Working women’s perceptions of working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic and health consequences

Abstract

Introduction: Protective measures implemented against COVID-19 had a significant impact on working conditions. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of working women in the Valencian Community regarding their labor conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic and the influence of these conditions on their health.

Method: A qualitative approach was employed, based on 17 semi-structured interviews and 3 focus groups with working women aged 25–74 residing in the Valencian Community. Theoretical and snowball sampling techniques were used. Data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach.

Results: Three main categories were identified: 1) Perceived deepening of precariousness in traditionally feminized sectors; 2) Identified stressors affecting workers’ self-perceived health; 3) Work experiences and perceptions of distress and musculoskeletal issues; and 4) Coping strategies and protective factors for health in the face of experienced stress. COVID-19 protection measures affected already precarious sectors, increasing work stress and affecting mental and musculoskeletal health due to higher workloads, fear of infection, shortages of protective equipment, and difficulties in balancing work and family life.

Conclusions: The health crisis aggravated women’s labor precariousness and worsened their health, especially in already precarious sectors such as cleaning and domestic work. This study highlights the urgency of labor reforms that promote co-responsibility and protect women’s labor rights, also in crisis contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic.