Palabras clave
clínicas dentales
control de infecciones
equipo de protección personal
salud laboral
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de adherencia al uso de equipo de protección personal (EPP), limpieza del ambiente clínico y manejo de desechos por parte de docentes, estudiantes y personal de apoyo en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que se realizaron 242 observaciones directas no participante entre agosto y septiembre de 2022 en diferentes servicios y turnos clínicos. Se utilizó una guía estructurada basada en el Protocolo de Control de Infecciones institucional. Los datos fueron recolectados por observadores mediante un formulario en línea. Las variables incluyeron sexo, tipo de participante, cumplimiento en higiene de manos, en uso de EPP, limpieza y desinfección del entorno, y manejo de residuos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales (p<0,05).
Resultados: La higiene de manos presentó altos niveles de cumplimiento (93% antes y 88% después del uso de EPP). Sin embargo, el uso adecuado de EPP fue bajo en varios ítems: zapatos institucionales (17%), gafas con protección lateral (51%) y mascarilla quirúrgica correctamente colocada (33%). En limpieza y desinfección, se observó bajo cumplimiento del uso de barreras plásticas y desinfección de equipos electrónicos (<65%). El manejo de residuos fue adecuado (>90%), aunque solo el 77% de los estudiantes cumplió con el protocolo de transporte de instrumental contaminado.
Conclusiones: Aunque existe conocimiento general sobre las normas de bioseguridad, su implementación es parcial. Se recomienda reforzar la capacitación diferenciada, mejorar la supervisión, asegurar el acceso a insumos y fortalecer la cultura de seguridad en el entorno clínico universitario.
Citas
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Carmen Dittel Jiménez, Andrea López Soto, Yadira Boza Oreamuno